Istanbul
Annual specific yield ~1,350 kWh/kWp
Solar data for Istanbul show an annual average of 2,350 sunshine hours and 1,450 kWh/m² global horizontal irradiation. Assuming a south-facing, optimum 33° tilt and 14% system losses (PR ≈ 93%), a 1 kWp system produces about 1,350 kWh a year.
Design note
Do shading analysis carefully on urban roofs; microinverters or optimizers may be considered.
These values are long-term averages; year-to-year variation is around ±5%. Roof tilt, orientation and shading affect these values; use the simulator or request a survey for an exact production estimate.